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Since the 1990's, they can also be accessed as hyper text documents via World Wide Web. To word this simply, we may say that assembly language is a human-readable text language, and machine code is a machine-readable binary code. Writing a source programme in assembly maximises the resources of a certain model of processor, although it also requires to know the internal structure of that model in detail, because the programmer needs to address memory locations directly, and to instruct the Central Process Unit for doing specific tasks one by one. 1958: first elementary but complete programme for playing chess against a computer, by Doctor A. L. Samuel (International Business Machines). In the interests of saving time he decided not to start from scratch; instead he took the computer’s prediction from halfway through the first run and used that as the starting point. Although the computer’s new predictions started out the same as before, the two sets of predictions soon began diverging drastically. A difference of one part in a thousand: the same sort of difference that a flap of a butterfly’s wing might make to the breeze on your face. Suppose they were all at the exact same point on Earth (which they won't be, thus mitigating the effects of the jump).

The Internet is not a centralised network as most of the networks listed above, the Internet is a re-routable network, and this is a key point for not considering those networks a part of 'Internet' as the term is commonly used, although strictly speaking they may also use an Internet Protocol. 1996: Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser starts a brief period known as "the Browsers War" (mainly between Netscape and Microsoft), that lasted until HTML 3.2 of January 1997. The release of Netscape Navigator 4.0 and Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0, both made in 1997, effectively puts an end to the Browsers War. Chaos (n): the inherent unpredictability in the behaviour of a complex natural system. It is a mathematical toolkit that allows us to extract beautifully ordered structures from a sea of chaos - a window into the complex workings of such diverse natural systems as the beating of the human heart and the trajectories of asteroids. Chaotic systems are an intimate mix of the two: from the outside they display unpredictable and chaotic behaviour, but expose the inner workings and you discover a perfectly deterministic set of equations ticking like clockwork.

To the ignorant they seem like 'an attic full of dusty old things', but to the expert they are cherised treasures of what was, once upon a time, state-of-the-art in Computing Science. Chaos Theory is a delicious contradiction - a science of predicting the behaviour of "inherently unpredictable" systems. In systems that behave nicely - without chaotic effects - small differences only produce small effects. Chalk in small cubes is applied uniformly to the cue tip permitting the players to strike the cue ball off centre on purpose in order to impart a spinning motion, what is billiards called "side" in Great Britain and "English" in the United States. How can order on a small scale produce chaos on a larger scale? At the centre of Chaos Theory is the fascinating idea that order and chaos are not always diametrically opposed. 1961: field effect transistor by Steven Hofstein, that made possible the development of MOS transistor (Metallic Oxid Semiconductor) by R. C. A. July 1961: essay on the theory of packet interchange for computer networks, by Leonard Kleinrock (Massachussets Institute of Technology). Explainer: what is Chaos Theory?

Lorenz had found the seeds of chaos. And how can we tell the difference between pure randomness and orderly patterns that are cloaked in chaos? Some systems flip this premise around, with orderly effects emerging out of turbulent and chaotic causes. The answers can be found in three common features shared by most chaotic systems. Other features coming with QBX PDS 7.0 were an ISAM file handler, improved library granularity, example toolbox packages for creating simple graphics and pull-down menus, local error handling, arrays within TYPE variables and improved documentation. QB64 itself can be used from the command line of the Linux console, but executables created by QB64 need X-11 or another graphic server. This is an interpreter for DOS, it cannot create executables. There are three ports of QB64: for Linux, for Apple Macintosh, and for Microsoft Windows NT series (neither for DOS, nor for Microsoft Windows DOS series). Traditional green is widely used, but there are other color options available to suit personal preferences. No matter how consistent you are with the first shot (the break), the smallest of differences in the speed and angle with which you strike the white ball will cause the pack of billiards to scatter in wildly different directions every time.