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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types of plants produce different flavors. Read on to learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often added to blends of coffee beans price to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans account for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they are available in a variety of flavours. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary significantly based on the growing conditions and methods of processing used to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning the berry. unroasted coffee beans beans are actually seeds that sprout inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats became energized after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and are capable of thriving when exposed to cool temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters focus on ethically sourced arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create unique coffees that are well-suited for many different brewing methods. Blending can be used to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee and is frequently preferred to create a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable conditions. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and thrives in direct sun. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries such as Uganda or Kenya on a bag of coffee it's likely there's some robusta in there as well.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans but the majority do combine the two varieties to cut cost and maintain quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a top-quality beans from a source you are confident in. The best way to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped that makes them different from other types of coffee beans unroasted beans. They have a distinct aroma that is fruity and floral with the smoky notes. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a deeper and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be found at low altitudes and tolerate humid, hot climates. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, but it is best to purchase them from local producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once thought to be a separate species, but was later re-classified to be a variant of Liberica. The coffee beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that range from 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both fruity and tart, which has made them a preferred choice for blends in house. They have a more subtle scent and a lower caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta however they possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta, yet they're the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of strong coffee beans. The beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. They're often used in blends to add body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in tropical and warm environments and at high altitudes. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they may have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world and is responsible for 40% of the coffee beans near me consumed in the world. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

After having learned about the four most popular types of brew, it's time to select the best brew. If you want a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.