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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained timber window is an important element of the historic fabric of a structure. It reflects, in various degrees, the technology and materials of the time period it was made, the architectural style and craftsmanship.

When repairs are feasible to windows that are already in use should be carried out in situ. Repair systems made of resin can be used to fix the most deteriorated areas without removing the entire window.

Durability

Timber windows were designed to last for hundreds of years. They do require some maintenance to ensure they look good. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cords and retightening pulleys on sash, and painting. The need to upgrade timber windows in order to improve energy efficiency is also growing. This could include replacing old glazing units, repairing existing window rebates, or installing new cills for improved air seal.

A key problem with traditional windows is the damage caused by the corrosion of the paintwork. This is particularly important when it comes to sash windows because the gaps between sashes may be extremely large. In these instances water can enter the paint film and cause rotting to the putty or wood beneath. Poor weather conditions can exacerbate the decay. To stop this from happening windows from becoming rotten, they must be regularly painted with an exterior wood paint that is suitable.

In addition to repainting, corroded areas need to be repaired with a resin-based repair product. This will ensure that the greatest amount of original fabric retained. It is also essential to reduce the number of holes drilled into the frame for cable entry as these can admit water and lead to decay.

Another major issue with older windows is structural movement in the wall which could cause deformation of the frame and sash. This could result in the sash not fitting properly, jamming or sticking in the opening, or breaking glass. This can be corrected often by fitting new frames for sash made of slow-grown deal (pine), or oak. The cill should be constructed of a durable hardwood, such as oak, to prevent the movement of new and older work.

There are now several companies that manufacture Boston pattern wooden sash to fit most existing openings. The sash is available in a variety of sizes and finishes to meet the requirements of modern homeowners. These new sash, when combined with quadruple draft strip and improved thermal insulation can make a significant difference to the efficiency of your home's energy usage.

Aesthetics

Many old timber windows have a high aesthetic value as they often illustrate, in some way, the materials and technology and architectural style of the time in which they date. They may also have significant historical value in their own right. This is especially true for early windows that were not glazed in timber-framed buildings, which were just a collection of openings in the structural frame sub-divided horizontally into mullions, and vertically into wood or iron bars to deter invaders.

Traditional timber window maintenance joinery can be a highly decorative element of a structure and is essential to maintain its appearance. As soon as you see any signs of decay caused by moisture penetration it is crucial to stop it. It is recommended to do this through thorough painting, especially if there is damage or degradation. It is advisable to use paints specifically designed to be used part of the system (primer undercoat, finish) and follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding preparation and the number of coats required at each stage.

Wet rot is a frequent issue in older timber windows. The best method to stop it from growing is to eliminate any damaged or rotten sections as soon as you can to stop the spread of the fungus that causes it. Replace the wood that is rotting with slow-growing deal (pine) and, should it be possible, the same type of wood that is being removed, to avoid the possibility of differential movement.

In the late period of the 17th century and the middle of the medieval period, glass became cheaper and more plentiful so that glazed openings in timber-framed buildings gradually became sophisticated, with tracery made of wood as well as moulded mullions and protruding cills. The glazing was increasingly placed within frames with rebates and secured with 'glazing sprigs', rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes the windows less likely to leak, but also allows for more clear glass sheets to be utilized than would have been possible without the use of leaded lights.

Energy efficiency

The traditional timber windows are energy efficient because of their thickness, multilayer construction and care for particulars. The large glass surfaces, the deep projecting cills and large glazing areas help to reduce air infiltration. With secondary glazing and draughtproofing, the windows can be improved to improve their energy efficiency. However it is crucial to keep in mind that any such measures must be considered in the context of the overall appearance and integrity of the window in its original form.

It is sensible to fix or upgrade historic windows rather than replace them, particularly when improvement in thermal efficiency can be made by simple repairs. The windows that are historic have a lot of historical significance, since they reflect a variety of technological advancement and changes in architectural taste. The pressure to replace these windows are typically based on the assumption that windows that are old will need to be replaced in the near future, however the majority of them are capable of serving for 150, 200 or even 250 years if they are properly maintained.

It is crucial to recognize that the decay problems caused by traditional timber windows can be avoided through regular maintenance and timely repairs. Additionally it is vital to spot damp penetration issues and to remedy them quickly to avoid major damage. Early deterioration of paint is a major problem as it allows moisture to penetrate the wood and cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this damage to go unnoticed until paintwork begins to crack or become wavier. However, it could cause structural damage and lead to further decay.

A high-quality paint will stop this moisture from entering. To prevent mould and condensation it is crucial to keep the paintwork as clean as it can be. Modern synthetic paints are problematic because they are water-resistant, and can cause mildew to grow within the window frame.

The majority of older windows were manufactured from timber containing an extensive proportion of sapwood. These timbers deteriorate quickly if exposed to rain, however they can be protected with an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is important to choose the right type of wood for the location and climate, as these variables will affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers provide a wide range of sash timbers that can be customized to fit historic openings. They can be made in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes to fit historical buildings.

Maintenance

The life span of windows made from timber can be extended significantly through regular inspections, careful redecoration and timely repair. The primary cause of decay is moisture intrusion through deteriorated paint and putty. This can be prevented by careful painting and the use of high-quality wood preservative.

Repairs to old sash windows as well as window frames made of casement should be done with care and with minimal disruption. Repairs can be made to several traditional designs of timber windows without having to remove the frame. This should be done as often as is feasible. Remove peeling or loose paint and lightly sand the surface to improve the "key" of the surface. This will allow the new coating to adhere better. It is important to avoid stripping old paint layers that may have historic value If these are present, it is recommended that a study of the paint be conducted.

If a portion of wood has rotted the best way to deal with it is to remove it and replace it with timber inserts that are shaped to match existing profiles. The timber inserts should be treated using wood preservative and the junction between masonry sub-cills and timber cill should be sealed.

Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u can be an attractive option, especially when the installer offers a "one-stop shop" installation that handles both removal and replacement within the span of a day. It is vital that the installer of windows replacement has a thorough knowledge of the construction and history of traditional wooden windows and doors cambridge frames. This will enable them to make the appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technological upgrades that won't harm the character of a building that is historic. Window replacements should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that replacement windows are deemed acceptable by the Building Regulations as a suitable option. It is quite possible for an experienced and skilled carpenter to install PVC-U windows that match the the building originally. This is especially true where the windows are located in listed buildings and conservation areas.